Ophthalmology
Subspecialties:
Cornea and external disease
Diagnosis and treatment of issues with the cornea (the dome-shaped covering of the iris and pupil), including corneal transplants, trauma, and refractive surgeries such as laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy, or LASIK.
Glaucoma
Diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, a disease in which fluid in the eye doesn’t move properly, causing a buildup of pressure that can eventually damage the optic nerve.
Neuro-ophthalmology
Diagnosis and treatment of vision problems – such as double vision and unequal pupil size – caused by the eyes’ interaction with the brain, nerves, and muscles.
Ophthalmic plastic surgery (oculoplastic surgery, or “oculoplastics”)
Evaluation and repair of problems with the eyelids, tear- drainage system, orbital bones, and other structures around the eye. Includes cosmetic surgery that uses medical injections around the eyes.
Ophthalmic pathology
Examination and analysis of cell and tissue specimens from the eye and nearby related structures.
Pediatric ophthalmology
Diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions of infants and children, whose eye issues are often specific to their developmental stages. These include eye-movement disorders such as nystagmus or strabismus.
Vitreoretinal diseases
Diagnosis and management of conditions that affect the retina (the layer of tissue lining the back of the eye) and vitreous (the gel-like substance that fills the eyeball). This includes age-related macular degeneration and diabetic eye disease.
